It is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs.
Here are some of the most common diseases encountered by a Urologist:
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Flank pains
Hypogastric pain
Difficulty urination
Painful urination (dysuria)
Frequency
Penile discharge
Scrotal pain and enlargement
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Male Infertility
PROBLEMS of different ORGANS:
Kidney/Renal (Stones, cyst, & cancer)
Ureter (Stones, cyst, & cancer)
Urinary Bladder (Stones, cyst, & cancer)
Urethra (Stones, cyst, & cancer)
Prostate (Enlargement and cancer)
Penis (Foreign body, hypospadias, deformity & cancer)
Inguino-scrotal (Hernia, epididymo-orchitis, testicular torsion, hydrocele, varicocoele & testicular cancer)
UROLOGIC TRAUMA (involving all organs mentioned above)